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· Read “Cicero’s Rhetoric”
Optional Reading” “Oration for Sextus Roscius of Ameria”
Thursday, February 26, 2015
Cicero
· Read “Cicero’s Rhetoric”
Optional Reading” “Oration for Sextus Roscius of Ameria”
Wednesday, February 18, 2015
Viva Voce Topics
For our Viva Voce this year (April 21-22) we will be examining Plutarch's Lives. You will be answering the question: 'Who was Caesar?' or 'Who was Cato the Younger?' etc.
You may use your own translation of Plutarch's lives, or the links below. Please ask any questions in the comments.
You may use your own translation of Plutarch's lives, or the links below. Please ask any questions in the comments.
Cicero Speech Info
Principal Rhetorical and Literary Devices
1. Alliteration: repetition of the same letter at beginning of words or syllables: Marcus me momordit.
2. Anaphora: the repetition of a word or phrase for emphasis: non feram, non sinam, non patiar
3. Anastrophe: inversion of usual word order (e.g., preposition after the word it governs): te propter vivo (instead of the expected propter te vivo)
4. Aposiopesis: breaking off in the middle of a sentence : quem ego . . . sed non possum pergere. ("Whom I . . . but I cannot go on.")
5. Apostrophe: addressing a person who is not present: O maiores, quid diceretis de hac re? ("Oh ancestors, what would you say about this matter?")
6. Asyndeton: omission of conjunctions: videt, sentit, scit.
7. Chiasmus: "a-b-b-a" arrangement of words: magnas urbes oppida parva (adjective, noun, noun, adjective)
8. Ellipsis: omission of words: Dixit me inventum. ("He said I had been found." esse is missing).
9. Hendiadys: use of two nouns together to express a noun modified by an adjective: luctus et labor (meaning "grievous toil")
10. Hyperbole: exaggeration. Catilina est mons vitiorum. ("Catiline is a mountain of vices.")
11. Hysteron proteron: placing first what the reader might expect to come last mortuus est et hostem inruit ("He died and he rushed against the enemy")
12. Litotes: use of a negative to express a strong positive Haud stultus erat Cicero. ("Cicero was very intelligent").
13. Metaphor: expression of meaning through an image Horatius est lux litterarum Latinarum. ("Horace is the light of Latin literature.")
14. Metonymy: substitution of one word for another that it suggests Neptunus me terret (to mean, "the sea frightens me").
15. Onomatopoeia: use of words that sound like their meaning Murmurant multi (the "m"’s produce the sound of murmuring).
16. Oxymoron: use of an apparent contradiction parvum monstrum
17. Personification: attribution of human characteristics to something not human Ipsa saxa dolent. ("The rocks themselves grieve")
18. Pleonasm: use of superfluous words Oculis me videt. ("She sees me with her eyes.")
19. Polysyndeton: use of many conjunctions et videt et sentit et scit
20. Prolepsis (anticipation): use of a word sooner than it would logically appear submersis obruit puppis ("he overwhelms the sunken ships").
21. Simile: comparison using a word like sicut, similis, or velut. Volat sicut avis. ("He flies like a bird.")
22. Synecdoche: use of part to express a whole Prora in portam navigavit. ("The ship sailed into the harbor." prora [prow] for navis [ship]).
23. Tmesis: the separation of a compound word into two parts saxo cere comminuit brum (for saxo cerebrum comminuit: "He smashed his brain with a rock.").
24. Tricolon crescens (ascending tricolon): combination of three elements, increasing in size non ferar, non patiar, non tolerabo
25. Zeugma: use of one word in two different senses simultaneously Aeneas tulit dolorem et patrem Troia. (Aeneas carried grief and his father from Troy)
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